Publications

This page lists publications associated with the Global Dynamical and Structural Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (GDSTEM) and its scientific lineage.

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Publications using GDSTEM

• Friedlingstein, P., O’Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Aas, K., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bellouin, N., Benoit-Cattin, A., Berghoff, C. F., Bernardello, R., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Collier, N. O., Colligan, T. H., Cronin, M., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Enright, M. P., Enyo, K., Erb, M., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Foster, A., Fransner, F., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Goncalves De Souza, J., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Guenet, B., Gürses, Ö., Harrington, K., Harris, I., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Ito, A., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A. K., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jones, S. D., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Kong, Y., Korsbakken, J. I., Koven, C., Kunimitsu, T., Lan, X., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Lo Monaco, C., Ma, L., Marland, G., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Melton, J., Monacci, N., Monier, E., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Müller, J. D., Nakaoka, S.-I., Nayagam, L. R., Niwa, Y., Nutzel, T., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Pan, N., Pandey, S., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Regnier, P. A. G., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T. M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Skjelvan, I., Smallman, T. L., Spada, V., Sreeush, M. G., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Swingedouw, D., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tian, X., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van Ooijen, E., van der Werf, G., van de Velde, S. J., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zeng, J. (2026). Global Carbon Budget 2025. Earth System Science Data, 18, 3211–3288. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026

• O’Sullivan, M., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Gasser, T., Ciais, P., Arora, V. K., Kato, E., Knauer, J., Monier, E., Nützel, T., Sun, Q., Yuan, W., Yue, X., & Zaehle, S. (2026). An improved approach to estimate the natural land carbon sink. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 9(29). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01302-7

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Select publications from the team using other versions of TEM

• Felzer, B. S. (2025). Modeling the future carbon sink: Land-use and climate change may offset CO₂ fertilization in the United States. Plants, People, Planet, 7(3), 763–775. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10582

• Felzer, B. S., & Andrade, C. (2024). Future (2020–2099) carbon and water dynamics of Lehigh Valley based on land use and land cover change. Environments, 11(7), 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11070133

• Kodero, J. M., Felzer, B. S., & Shi, Y. (2024). Future transition from forests to shrublands and grasslands in the western United States is expected to reduce carbon storage. Communications Earth & Environment, 5(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01253-6

• Felzer, B. S. (2023). Effect of land-use legacy on the future carbon sink for the conterminous US. Biogeosciences, 20(3), 573–587. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-573-2023

• Zhang, J., Felzer, B. S., & Troy, T. J. (2020). Projected changes of carbon balance in mesic grassland ecosystems in response to warming and elevated CO₂ using CMIP5 GCM results in the Central Great Plains, USA. Ecological Modelling, 434, 109247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109247

• Kicklighter, D. W., Melillo, J. M., Monier, E., Sokolov, A. P. & Zhuang, Q. (2019). Future nitrogen availability and its effect on carbon sequestration in Northern Eurasia. Nature Communications, 10(3024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10944-0

• Dangal, S. R. S., Felzer, B. S., & Hurteau, M. D. (2014). Effects of agriculture and timber harvest on carbon sequestration in the eastern US forests. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 119(1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002409

• Felzer, B. S., Cronin, T. W., Melillo, J. M., Kicklighter, D. W., Schlosser, C. A., & Dangal, S. R. S. (2011). Nitrogen effect on carbon-water coupling in forests, grasslands, and shrublands in the arid western United States. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 116(G3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001621

• Felzer, B. S., Cronin, T. W., Melillo, J. M., Kicklighter, D. W., & Schlosser, C. A. (2009). Importance of carbon-nitrogen interactions and ozone on ecosystem hydrology during the 21st century. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 114(G1). https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000826

• Melillo, J. M., Reilly, J. M., Kicklighter, D. W., Gurgel, A. C., Cronin, T. W., Paltsev, S., Felzer, B. S., Wang, X., Sokolov, A. P., & Schlosser, C. A. (2009). Indirect emissions from biofuels: how important? Science, 326(5958), 1397–1399. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1171868

• Sokolov, A. P., Kicklighter, D. W., Melillo, J. M., Felzer, B. S., Schlosser, C. A., & Cronin, T. W. (2008). Consequences of considering carbon–nitrogen interactions on the feedbacks between climate and the terrestrial carbon cycle. Journal of Climate, 21(15), 3776–3796. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2038.1

• Felzer, B. S., Cronin, T., Reilly, J. M., Melillo, J. M., & Wang, X. (2007). Impacts of ozone on trees and crops. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 339(11–12), 784–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2007.08.008

• Reilly, J. M., Melillo, J. M., Kicklighter, D. W., Gurgel, A. C., Cronin, T. W., Paltsev, S., Felzer, B. S., Wang, X., Sokolov, A. P., & Schlosser, C. A. (2007). Global economic effects of changes in crops, pasture, and forests due to changing climate, carbon dioxide, and ozone. Energy Policy, 35(11), 5370–5383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2006.11.004

• Felzer, B., Reilly, J., Melillo, J., Kicklighter, D., Sarofim, M., Wang, C., & Prinn, R. (2005). Future effects of ozone on carbon sequestration and climate change policy using a global biogeochemical model. Climatic Change, 73(3), 345–373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6776-4

• Felzer, B., Kicklighter, D., Melillo, J., & Prinn, R. (2004). Effects of ozone on net primary production and carbon sequestration in the conterminous United States using a biogeochemistry model. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 56(3), 230–248. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v56i3.16438